Designof an IoT-BIM-GIS
There has been a significant
increase in emergency incidents involving hospital basic operation
(non-clinical side of hospital daily running and maintaining), which adversely
affects the functioning of hospitals and poses threat to the staff members and patients.
To cope with these emergencies, our group proposes a design of risk management
system based on technologies of Internet of Things (IoT), building information
model (BIM), and geographic information system (GIS), aiming to realize
real-time risk factors identification and more effective and more efficient
coordinated response. In this paper, the system architecture, key technologies,
and simulated cases are also presented respectively.Keywords-risk management,
hospital basic operation, BIM, IoT, GIS
]. The concept and techniques were
later utilized by healthcare orgnisations, for administrating their daily clinical
work, amid the growing tendency of dependence on advanced equipment and
information system during the past century [2, 3]. In the meantime, risks in
the non-clinical daily running and maintaining of hospitals, including
logistics and ward, has received less attention from administrators and
researchers. Through a survey of cases, we found that emergency incidents
involving non-clinical basic operation could cause severe consequences
threatening the health and safety of patients and staff members. For instance,
the fever clinical building of the People’s Hospital of Shanxi province in
China collapsed for land subsidence caused by the chronical leakage of
underground water supple pipe networks, and the gas explosion in Cuajimalpa
Maternal Hospital, located in southeast of Mexico City, caused 3 deaths and
dozens of injuries [4, 5]. Such adverse events are typically caused by
oversight, errors, and defects of the hospital basic operations and similar
incidents happened pervasively. Risks of basic operation in hospitals involve
many parts of human work and equipment running. The existing management
strategy was mainly dependent on the manual inspection and disposal experience
of staff members, which apparently increase the uncertainty of timely risk
discovering and appropriate disposal measures taking. Informationized risk
management system, based on IoT, GIS and BIM, contributes to solving these
problems. IoT is defined as the internetworking of physical devices, buildings,
vehicles and other objects, embedded with sensors, electronics and network
connectivity that enable them to collect and transfer data [6]. In the risk
management system for hospitals, IoT refers to the sensors collect and exchange
the data about equipment running and environment and monitors providing the
information
of the situation and state of crowded or other
attention-required area. BIM is a process related to the generation and
management of digital representations of physical and functional
characteristics of places [7], which helps to locate the risks and incidents,
supply the information (such as the combustible material, or pipe network
nearby and etc.) of specific area, and present the neighboring scene in and out
buildings. GIS is designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
present spatial or geographical data [8]. Not only display the data of
longitude, latitude, and elevation, GIS is also characterized with the ability
to realize related states analysis and prediction, paths planning and etc.,
that makes the procedure of emergencies coordinate response more orthonormal
and considerate. The design of risk management system proposed in the paper
integrates the technology of IoT, BIM and GIS to timely discover the risk and
handle the emergencies in hospital basic operation.https://codeshoppy.com/shop/product/
KEY
TECHNOLOGIES
The realization of the
system function requires the advancement in some fields: 1) Risk factors
classification and multi-source heterogeneous data collecting and accessing:
section 2.1 and 2.3 provide the solution and description; 2) Precise and
accurate positioning and visualization of full risk factor: the function is
much dependent on the deep integration of GIS, BIM and IoT. The detecting data
and location of sensors provide the inputs for calculating and simulating tools
of 3-dimentional GIS, while BIM presents the spatial settings and completes
some constraint conditions. Utilizing the algorithm and tools embedded in the
assessment model, the function of full risk factor visualization also covers
correlation analysis, key performance indexes (KIP) analysis and so on. 3)
Comprehensive situation awareness and joint response: the process takes account
not only the risks sources themselves, but also the situation of neighboring
space, which contributes to more considerate disposal procedures and resources
mobilization, and detailedly illustrated in the two cases in section 4
APPLICATION
CASES
The two use cases are the potential
or expected use of the risk management system, which are preconceived ideas or
now simulated in other software, such as ArcGIS, whose related function will be
integrated into the system.
Pipeline
This case is based on ArcGIS, part
involved function of which will be incorporate into risk management system. In
this simulated scene, the pressure sensors detect the abnormality in pipeline
parameters, and then the assessment system estimates the potential influence
scope and the severity in the emergency. As show in figure 3, the graph of
networks and the data of flaw and pressure can be present with different
colors. Moreover, the prioritized protection areas are located based on the
data of buildings and sensors embedded beforehand in BIM and GIS. The predicted
consequences of the leakage itself along with the states of the neighboring
space, determine the level of alarm, disposal procedures and the response team
and resource to mobilize. For example, if there are mass gathering or important
buildings, such as laboratories, examination rooms and so on, in the
neighboring space, the alarm level is certainly higher than the situation that
the perimeter zone is open area or similar states. In addition, the amount of
leakage is undoubtedly positive correlated to the alarm level. Meanwhile the
disposal forces are called together, according to the command issued on the
mobile terminals, and then the state of the scene and the corresponding
disposal instruction will be distributed with them. The graph of pipe networks,
related parameters of the pipe, like flow and pressure etc., the neighboring
facilities requiring attention and analogous information are included. When the
emergency is handled, the states of all regions come back to the default state,
with regular color presented. If the situation gets worse, for example, the
leakage cannot be controlled or other secondary incidents come up, another
disposal force is going to evacuate
the people nearby. What’s more, there is a coordinate
response mechanism to call on the more professional disposal team out of
hospitals on the basis of the pre-arranged plan stored in the database.
